The use of alternative fuel in cement industry in Sudan

Purpose: This present study was designed to investigate the feasibility of replacing fossil fuels used in cement industry with alternative low emission ones. Methodology: The area of the study addressed five major cement factories that existed in White Nile state. Various biomass types that included both agricultures, scrap tires and plastic bags were analyzed for their calorific value, moisture and ash contents, as well as volatile matter. Findings: The results showed that plastics (9851kcal/kg) and scrap tires (8044kcal/kg) offer high calorific values then tree wood (4048 Kcal/kg), making them promising alternative fuel. Groundnut hulls with high silicon content will produce good quality clinker leading to significant cost savings and environmental benefits. Socio-economic aspects showed that driven by economic and environmental incentives, key informants and stakeholders encouraged the use of biomass as alternative fuel. Contribution and Practical Implications: This research highlights the potential of using waste as a source of alternative fuel to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and energy costs in cement industry, while also addressing local environmental challenges.