Expression analysis of chek2 gene in blood of postmenopausal women with breast cancer: A comparative case-control study

Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among postmenopausal women, with genetic and hormonal factor playing a crucial role in disease progression and prognosis. The CHEK2 gene, a key regulator in DNA damage repair, has been implicated in increased cancer susceptibility. This study investigates the expression profile of CHEK2 in postmenopausal breast cancer patients to evaluate its potential as a prognostic biomarker. Methods: A total of 47 blood samples were analyzed, including 7 from healthy controls, 20 from newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, and 20 from patients’ post-treatment (4 to 6 months post-surgery or therapy). RT-PCR analysis was carried out to measure the expression levels of the CHEK2 gene in these blood samples, providing insights into the genetic changes linked with breast cancer progression and the effects of clinical interventions. The resulting Ct values were used to calculate the expression levels of CHEK2, allowing precise evaluation of its transcript levels in peripheral blood. This enabled sensitive detection and comparative analysis of gene expression between healthy Control/Cases and post-surgery samples. Results: CHEK2 expression exhibited a highly significant difference in between Group 1 healthy control show absence expression and Group 2 Cases show upregulation of gene CHEK2 (P<0.001)A down-regulation of gene expression is seen between Cases to Group 3 post-treatment (P = 0.020, paired t-test), suggesting its potential involvement in cancer pathogenesis. The majority of patients aged 50–60were diagnosed with stage 2 invasive ductal carcinoma. This systematic regulation in CHEK2 expression highlights its role in disease progression, evolution and therapeutic response. Conclusion: The findings underscore CHEK2 as a promising biomarker for breast cancer prognosis and treatment monitoring. The down regulation of expression in post-treatment suggests its potential utility in tracking molecular changes and guiding therapeutic interventions in post-menopausal breast cancer patients. Further studies are warranted to elucidate its mechanistic role in tumor progression and treatment response.