Antibacterial of various fractions seed extract of black pepper (Piper Nigrum) and investigation of its bioactive functional groups using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic technique

Black pepper is an edible perennial vine which is widely cultivated for its fruit, which is a spice, and used for medicinal purposes and scientific name is Piper nigrum and the family is Piperaceae. The active compound of black pepper is piperine , which is 1-piperoylpiperidine. Other minor alkaloids present in P. nigrum fruits include the likes of; piplartin, piperlogumine, piperidine, starch and resin. Piperine is an alkaloid that is present in the fruits and roots of species under the genus Piper belonging to the Piperaceae family. Pipeline is the cause of pungency in P.nigrum together with chavicine, which is an isomer to pipeline. These include the action of phytochemical, namely piperine, which is seen to influence the pain reducing process of pepper. It is also having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. In the present research, the secondary metabolites of the extract of the seeds of Piper nigrum are also studied and the antibacterial activity of the obtained fractions is determined using in vitro experiments. 25mg of powdered seeds samples were weighed and transformed into pellets with KBr and also a thin layer of the pellets were pressed as a preparation for FTIR test. Intensity (wavenumber cm-¹), (Nature of intensity, identification of bond/functional group) were alkyl halides, Alkenes, Aromatic, Aldehyde, Alkane and Amide. According to the type of extract (methanol, Ethyl acetate fraction, and Ethanol fraction) recorded 17.06±0.29, 14.73±0.25, and 20.00 ±0.29 respectively in Klebsiella pneumoniae. While recorded 19.70±0.27, 15.00±0.26, and 22.95±0.30 for Enterococcus faecalis. At the same time record 10.50±0.11, 13.00±0.16, and 18.30±0.29 Streptococcus pyogenes. While recorded 17.00±0.29, 10.00±0.11, and 12.75±0.15 Staphylococcus aureus and 12.97±0.15, 14.50±0.25, and 14.00±0.20 Bacillus cereus in comparison with KN-Kanamycin 25.00±0.31 and RF-Rifampicin 27.75±0.35. The metabolites of Piper nigrum exhibited significant activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae (22.95±0.30).