Gold nanoparticle-enhanced 5-FU potentiates chemotherapy sensitivity of breast cancer cells metastasis and invasiveness by down regulating the expression of menin and ETV7, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways

Breast cancer progression, especially in the case of metastasized phenotypes has been a significant challenge clinically due to its aggressive nature, poor prognosis, and resistance to therapy. The key molecular drivers such as Menin and ETV7 have been implicated in promoting metastasis to enhance breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, thus BEPANT-6 an improved 5-FU formulation gold nanoparticle was designed specifically to down regulate survival proteins and was used to target Menin and ETV7 expressions, and other interactable molecules involved in the progression of BC cells. BEPANT-6 gold nanoparticles (BEPANT-6) could enhance the therapeutic effect on BC cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) through targeting and down regulating Menin and ETV7 oncogenicity, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways transduction and the regulation potential to reduce heterogeneity which is among the key factors that underpins therapy resistance making the BC cell's sensitivity to treatment, and controls metastasis potential to spread. The mitigations of these key molecules by BEPANT-6 reduced BC cells' invasiveness and metastatic ability, thus improving patient outcomes with advanced BC. Therefore, the BEPANT-6 could potentiate treatment strategy against BC cell proliferation, survival, and invasiveness which could play an important role in BC cell sensitivity to treatment.