The impact of paramilitary groups on sovereignty and state security: A look at the Wazalendu in the DRC

During the end of the Cold War, the conceptual debate revolved around mercenary activity, and as academic evolution progressed, it was split to give rise to a derivative, entrepreneurial form, thus avoiding the controversy surrounding the concept, thus giving way to a more moderate and more acceptable scholarly formulation in the international community, a paramilitary force that responded to an obvious fact in a world where the boundaries between open and secret warfare are more and more nebulous ones requiring multifaceted intervention. It is in this perspective of multifaceted conflict that the Democratic Republic of Congo, a sovereign country since its accession to independence on June 30, 1960, has been for more than 25 years.  The M23. This reflection aims to contribute to the debate around a security issue around a propagandist decision instituting the former militias as Wazalendu patriots, on the future of sovereignty, on a post-war improvement against the M23, triggering a circumstantial fardc-Wazalendu union, and how the Congolese government would develop its preventive strategy aimed at effectively controlling the armed groups allied to the FARDC, during and after the war.