An overview on dengue fever

Dengue fever is the one of the rapidly expanding mosquito-borne viral disease in the world, with high mortality and morbidity rates especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The mosquito involved in the transmission of dengue is Aedes. The circulation of dengue disease is influenced by various factors such as, topography, rainfall, temperature and rapid urbanization or globalization. The clinical symptoms range from unapparent to severe forms and fatal outcomes. Dengue is a most important public health problem due its quick expansion globally and its burdens are currently unfulfilled because of absence of precise treatment, easy diagnostic method for the early phase of infection and successful and well-organized vector control system. Dengue is caused by the dengue virus (DENVs) infection and clinical manifestations include dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Due to a lack of antiviral drugs and effective vaccines, several therapeutic and control strategies have been proposed. A systemic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to select proper references to give an overview of DENV infection. Results indicate that understanding the virus characteristics and epidemiology are essential to gain the basic and clinical knowledge as well as dengue disseminated pattern and status. Different factors and mechanisms are thought to be involved in the presentation of DHF and DSS, including antibody-dependent enhancement, immune dysregulation, viral virulence, host genetic susceptibility, and pre-existing dengue antibodies. This study suggests that dissecting pathogenesis and risk factors as well as developing different types of therapeutic and control strategies against DENV infection are urgently needed.