In this article, the author aims to demonstrate some relevant controversies with scientific foundations, impersonal, objective and constructive in the direction of some experimental or mental contents and some understandings of these contents in Neuroscience, which have been published in recent scientific literature. Neuroscience is an interdisciplinary area of scientific study, which has attracted the attention of many researchers from different areas of knowledge. The reason for this is that technological advances in other areas of knowledge have been directed to promote rapid and applied development in this interdisciplinary area. As one of the results, some older concepts regarding the brain → mind relationship have been abandoned and others have been proposed that are not yet well defined.