The value chain of Ghana’s major offshore oil and gas production from 2010 – 2021

The use of fossil fuels has played and continue to play a major role in industralisation. It has and continue to contribute to over 80% of the world’s total primary energy production for the last three decades. Continues reliance on natural gas utilisation is deemed to support the transition to low-carbon energy system of the future compared to oil and coal. With the use of secondary data, this paper reviewed the value chain of Ghana’s oil and gas operations considering the upstream, midstream and the downstream sectors from 2010 to 2021. From 2010 to 2021, Ghana has contributed over half a trillion barrels (510 MMbbl) of crude oil and over 1 Tscf of gas to the overall world’s energy mix of the world from its offshore oil and gas operations. All the crude oil produced have been exported while for the gas produced, about 48.3% have been used for re-injection, 6.2% used as fuel gas offshore, 8.3% flared and 32.5% exported as sales gas. Out of the sales gas, about 54.7% was received by Ghana National Gas Company from Jubilee (49.8%) and Tweneboa-Enyenra-Ntomme (4.95%) and the remaining 45.3% was from Sankofa-Gye Nyame going to the onshore receiving facility for direct thermal power generation. About 90.34% of the raw gas received at Ghana National Gas Company was processed into lean gas for power generation. Condensates accounted for 0.65% while LPG accounted for 9.00%. Ghana now sources more than 60% of gas locally as feedstock for its thermal power generation. Out of the total gas produced from the three major fields, about 11,042,036 tonnes of CO2 is estimated to have been emitted with the use which is far safer and better than the use of oil or coal therefore saving the environment. It is recommended that for Ghana to make the most of its oil and gas production, more value addition will be a necessity as practiced in most advanced oil and gas sectors than sale the product in its raw state.