The intersection of oncology and cardiology: Understanding the cardiovascular risks of cancer therapies

Cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies, plays a vital role in cancer treatment but can also induce cardiovascular complications. Chemotherapy, such as anthracyclines, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to myocardial damage and cardiomyopathy. Radiation therapy, often used in thoracic and breast cancers, leads to endothelial dysfunction, accelerated atherosclerosis, and increased incidence of ischemic heart disease. Targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), can induce hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, and an elevated risk of cardiovascular events. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions require careful management to ensure the safe administration of cancer treatments. Regular cardiovascular monitoring, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiography, and cardiac biomarkers, is crucial for early detection and intervention in therapy-related cardiotoxicity. These assessments help differentiate between inflammatory and non- inflammatory dysfunctions, guiding appropriate treatment strategies. Personalized management approaches and novel anticancer treatments that minimize cardiovascular impact are emerging priorities in cardio-oncology. The goal is to balance the effectiveness of cancer therapy with reducing adverse cardiovascular outcomes, ensuring improved quality of life for patients. In summary, cardio-oncology aims to address and manage cardiovascular complications associated with cancer treatments, focusing on early detection, tailored treatment plans, and the development of anticancer therapies that are less harmful to the cardiovascular system. Future advancements in this field will likely play a pivotal role in optimizing both cancer and cardiovascular care for patients.