The frequency of spinal deformities of students in lower elementary school grades with regard to gender

The aim of this research is to determine the frequency and structure of spinal deformities, as well as their combinations with students in lower elementary school grades with regard to gender. The research was conducted on a sample of 1105 students, of which 563 boys and 542 girls, aged 5-12 years. The research program includes students from 1st to 5th grade in eleven elementary schools in Sarajevo. To assess the deformity of the spine, the method of measuring the curves of the spine according to the criteria of Napoleon Wolanski from 1975 was used. D-5 Spine Posture (ODK) - Spine Posture Assessment. The analysis of spinal deformities of students in lower elementary school grades was done with the help of descriptive statistics of the Chi-square. A significant value of statistical significance was investigated at the level of p <0.01. By analyzing the spinal deformity variables of the investigated sample with the help of descriptive statistics of the Hi-square, it was found that the postural status of the spinal column is very neglected in a large number of subjects of both genders. In the initial measurement, there is a higher number of male subjects without spinal deformities compared to female subjects. Female subjects have a higher prevalence of grade II spinal deformities, and the prevalence of grade I spinal deformities is the same in both male and female subjects in the initial measurement and this difference is statistically significant at less than 1%, as indicated by a significant Chi-square (Chi-square = 9.389 ip = 0.009). In the final measurement, there was a higher number of male subjects without spinal deformities, and a higher prevalence of first-degree spinal deformities in female subjects, while the prevalence of second-degree spinal deformities is not present in both female and male subjects and this time the difference is not statistically significant (Chi-square = 1,866 ip = 0,172). Male subjects have more cases of kyphosis and scoliosis than female subjects, and fewer cases of lordosis. Combinations of spinal deformities were common in both male and female subjects. Kyphosis-Scoliosis and Kyphosis-Lordosis are more common in male subjects, and Scoliosis-Lordosis and Kyphosis-Scoliosis-Lordosis in female subjects. In the final measurement, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of cases with all four combinations of deformities. It has been shown that the frequency of postural disorders can be significantly reduced through a planned and continuous corrective procedure. It is necessary to develop awareness of a healthy lifestyle that includes appropriate corrective exercises, which have a preventive and corrective effect on the posture of young people. It is necessary to understand the importance of exercise for the health and needs in the life of each individual.