Old drugs that have genotoxic side effects but are non-carcinogenic were originally repurposed as non-carcinogenic genotoxic drugs (NCGDs) for preventing and treating COVID-19. Later, NCGDs are defined as old drugs that have genotoxicity but are non-carcinogenic or could modulate expression of many genes in cells through directly or indirectly affecting 3D genome structure. Besides, NCGDs have cure-all effects, and the cure-all feature could be used as the third criterion for identifying NCGDs. Therefore, any drug that is non-carcinogenic but conforms to one of the three criteria including having genotoxicity or modulating expression of many genes or showing cure-all feature belongs to NCGDs. Based on these criteria, NCGDs could be found more or less in medicines, Chinese medicine herbs, plant extracts, cooking spices, coffee, tea, tobacco, fruits, seeds, vegetables and grains. NCGDs are vital molecules that function as double-edged swords, providing either beneficial or destructive effects on human health depending on the dose and course. In this paper, I have proposed that hormones and neurotransmitters produced in human body might belong to NCGDs, which implies that NCGDs might be powerful gene regulatory drugs. But overdose of NCGDs could be harmful for human health. Further investigation of NCGDs is greatly important for understanding their functions in maintenance of normal human health and fighting various types of diseases. The original purpose of exploring NCGDs was for prevention of viral infections. According to 6-year test myself, I believe that vitamin C and berberine combination is the best drug for preventing all viral infections including transmitted viruses like HIV and cancer-causing viruses, and various types of cancer. If a pharmaceutical company could make a tablet containing vitamin C and berberine, which might become a famous cure-all drug and be welcomed by a broad range of consumers.



