A review on heavy metals bioremediation using daphnia

The Daphnia (water fleas) are among the most thoroughly researched model species to date. They may be found practically everywhere and are found in brackish and freshwater bodies of water that are still and range in size from tiny ephemeral pools to gigantic lakes. Daphnia is frequently used in research on host-parasite interactions, phenotypic plasticity, predator-induced defense, ecotoxicology, evolutionary genomics, etc.  Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex are the most frequently investigated species. In this review article, we will be focusing on Daphnia as a potential bioremediation with respect to heavy metals toxicity. Heavy metals can enter the environment through both natural and artificial mechanisms. These processes include mining, soil erosion, industrial discharge, urban runoff, sewage effluents, the application of pesticides or pharmaceuticals to treat diseases in plants, the byproducts of air pollution, and a number of additional sources. They tend to be recognized as the most hazardous to humans and animals due to the vast range of adverse effects on human health, even at low concentrations.